Alternating-current wattmeter



N0. 750,938. PATENTED FEB. 2, 1904.

c. A. BROWN. v V ALTERNATING CURRENT WATTMETER.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 24. 1900. RENEWED JUNE 24, 1903.

R0 MODEL.

Patented February 2, 1904.

PATENT OFFICE.

CHARLES A. BROWN, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

ALTERNATING-CURRENT WATTIVIETER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 7 50,938, datedFebruary 2, 1904.

Application filed July 24, 1900. Renewed June 24, 1903. Serial No.162,840. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CHARLES A. BROWN, a citizen of the United States,residing at Chicago, in the county of Cook and State of Illinois, haveinvented a certain new and useful Improvement in Alternating-CurrentWattmeters, (Case No. 6,) of which the following 'is a full, clear,concise, and exact description,

reference being had to the, accompanying drawings, forming a part ofthis specification.

My invention relates to alternating-current wattmeters employing currentand pressure field-windings, and has for its object the provision of animproved form of meter wherein the currents in the pressure and currentfieldwindings may jointly produce magnetic fields that react upon amovable element to secure the desired measurement.

Heretofore alternate-current wattmeters have generally been providedwith pressure and current field-windings displaced with respect to eachother and serving to produce independent polar regions or magneticfields which have a resultant efi'ect upon the movable member orarmature of the meter to effect its actuation. These distinct magneticfields may give rise to complications and error.

In accordance with my invention the pressure and current field-windingsare collocated, so that these windings serve to produce a single fieldor a plurality of fields, according to the number of coils into whichthe windings are subdivided. One of the windings in accordance with myinvention is superposed upon the other, so that they may have a commonmagnetizing effect upon the same portion of the magnetic core aboutwhich they are disposed. The same effect obviously may be secured inother ways, the purpose being to direct the magnetic flux due to thecurrents in the two windings through substantially the same magneticpath. I preferably provide the pressure-winding with a large number ofturns of fine wire and connect the same in bridge of supply-mains andalso, preferably, include the current-winding in series with a main.

By means of the device of my invention I am able to produce a meter thatis extremely simple in construction and free from errors that may be dueto a separation of the fields created by the windings of the meter.

I will explain my invention more fully by reference to the accompanyingdrawings, in

Figure 1 diagrammatically illustrates a meter constructed in accordancewith my invention associated with an alternating-current work-circuit.Fig. 2 is a top view of a meter, the upper core being removed.

Like characters of reference indicate like parts in the two figures.

I have illustrated a source of single-phase alternating current a incircuit with supplymains Z) 6 that supply current to translating devices0 0 at a district of consumption. The pressure-winding of the meter ispreferably subdivided into two coils (Z d and is connected in bridgebetween the supply-mains. The current-winding is also, preferably,divided into two coils e e and is in series with one of thedistributing-mains. The series or current coils are superposed upon thepressure-coils, so that each pair of coils d 6 produces but one magneticregion. A field-core f is illustrated of U shape, the sides of thecoreforming the poles thereof, about which the coils d and e aredisposed. I have illustrated-the armature in the form of a disk g, thatmay serve to actuate the measuring device 72,, the disk being mounted torotate above the poles of the core f in a plane perpendicular thereto. Aback piece 2', of magnetisable material, may be provided upon the otherside of the armature g to afford a closed circuit for the magnetic fluxpassing through the armature. The windings of the meter preferablyproduce fields that are proportional to the pressure and current, sothat a torque is produced upon the armature that is proportional to theproduct of the current and the pressure. It will be observed that thewindings are so disposed upon the core that the current-Winding and thepressure-winding cooperate at one pole I have herein shown oneembodiment only of my invention; but it is obvious to those skilled inthe art that the details of construction and the type of meter may bedeparted from and that the precise circuit connections illustrated maybe varied without departing from the spirit of my invention, and I donot, therefore, wish to be limited to the precise embodiment of theinvention herein shown and particularly described.

WVhile I have explained my invention in its application to a meter, itwill be understood by those skilled in the art that it is equallyapplicable to other devicesas, for instance, motors.

I believe it to be broadly new with me to produce motion in an armatureby means of currents in two or more energizing-circuits in inductiverelation thereto, said currents being adapted to produce magnetic fluxesfollowing substantially the same magnetic path.

I claim 1. In an alternating-current wattmeter, the combination with thearmature thereof, of a pressure-winding and a current-winding, thewindings of the meter being one superposed upon the other, whereby thefields due to the windings are collocated, substantially as described.

2. In an alternating-current wattmeter, the combination with thearmature thereof, of a pressure-winding and a current-winding, thewindings of the meter being one superposed upon the other, whereby thefields due to the windings are collocated, and a core about which thewindings of the meter are disposed, substantially as described.

3. In an alternating-current wattmeter, the combination with thearmature thereof, of current and pressure field-windings, eachsubdivided into a plurality of coils, the coils of one winding beingsuperposed upon the coils of the other, whereby the current and pressurecoils produce collocated fields, substantially as described.

l. In an alternating-current wattmeter, the combination with thearmature thereof, of current and pressure field-windings, eachsubdivided into a plurality of coils, the coils of one winding beingsuperposed upon the coils of the other, whereby the current and pressurecoils produce collocated fields, and a core for the coils of the meter,substantially as described.

5. In an alternating-current wattmeter, the combination with thearmature thereof, of means for producing collocated fields that areproportional to the current and pressure in the working circuit,substantially as described.

6. In an alternating-current meter, the combination with the armaturethereof, of means for producing collocated fields that exert torque uponthe armature proportional to the product, of the current and thepressure in the working circuit, substantially as described.

7. Inadevice of the class described, the combination with twoenergizing-circuits serving to carry currents adapted to producemagnetic fluxes following substantially the same magnetic path, of anarmature in inductive relation to said circuits, substantially asdescribed.

8. In a device of the class described, the combination with twoenergizing-circuits one superposed upon the other, whereby the magneticfluxes due thereto are confined substantially to the same path, of anarmature in inductive relation thereto, substantially as described.

9. Inadevice of the class described, the combination with an armature,of an equal number of pressure and current coils inductively related tothe armature, said coils being disposed about a common path of themagnetic flux produced by each, one of said currentcoils being opposedin magnetic effect to one of said pressure-coils, whereby twofield-poles of unequal strength are produced and movement of thearmature is secured.

10. In a device of the class described, the

combination with an armature, of an equal number of pressure and currentcoils inductively related to the armature, said coils being disposedabout a common path of the magnetic flux produced by each, one of saidourrent-coils being opposed in magnetic effect to one of saidpressure-coils, the polar axes of said coils lying transversely to theplane of said armature, wherebytwo field-poles of unequal strength areproduced and movement of the armature is secured.

11. In a device of the class described, the combination with anarmature,of a pressurewinding in inductive relation thereto, a current-windingalso in inductive relation to said armature, said pressure and currentwindings being both disposed about a common path of the magnetic fluxproduced by each winding, a portion of said pressure-winding beingopposed in effect to a portion of said currentwinding, whereby poles ofunequal strength are presented to the armature.

12. In a device of the class described, the combination with anarmature, of a pressurewinding in inductive relation thereto, acurrent-winding also in inductive relation to said armature, the polaraxis of said windings lying transversely to the plane of said armature,said pressure and current windings being both disposed about a commonpath of the magnetic flux produced by each winding, a portion of saidpressure-winding being opposed in effect to a portion of saidcurrent-winding, whereby poles of unequal strength are presented to thearmature.

13. In a device of the class described, the combination with anarmature, of pressure and current windings connected with the maincircuit and inductively related to each other and to the armature, andmeans for causing the magnetic field due to their conjoint effect to actupon said armature in a common area.

IIO

14:. In a device of the class described, the combination with anarmature, of a pressureenergizing circuit and a current-circuit combinedwith said pressure-circuit to produce a magnetic field due to theconjoint effect of the said circuits and acting in a common area uponsaid armature, said armature being in inductive relation to both of saidcircuits.

15. In a device of the class described, the combination with anarmature, of pressure and current windings in inductive relationthereto, said pressure and current windings being both disposed about acommon path of the magnetic flux produced by the windings, substantiallyas described.

16. The combination with an armature, of a fieldcore associatedtherewith, energizingwindings on said core in inductive relation withsaid armature, said energizing-windings being disposed upon said core sothat they cooperate at one pole and are opposed in efiect at the otherpole of the core substantially as described.

17. The combination with field-cores, of an armature interposed in thepath of the magnetic flux between the poles of said cores,currentwindings on said cores, and pressurewindings on said cores, thewindings acting cumulatively at one pole and opposedly in effeet atanother pole, whereby the armature is caused to rotate, substantially asdescribed.

18. The combination with field-cores, of an armature interposed in thepath of the magnetic flux between the poles of said cores, a pluralityof pressure-coils on said cores, a current-winding on said cores, partof said pressure-coils acting cumulatively at one pole with saidcurrent-winding and opposedly to said current winding at another pole,substantially as described.

19. The combination with field-cores, of an armature interposed in thepath of the magnetic flux between the poles of said cores, a

plurality of energizing-windings on said cores disposed about a commonpath of the magnetic flux produced by the windings, part of saidwindings acting cumulatively at one pole and opposedly in effect atanother pole, substantially as described.

In witness whereof I hereunto subscribe my name this 17th day of July,A. D. 1900.

CHARLES A. BROWN.

Witnesses:

GEORGE L. ORAGG, HARVEY L. HANSON.

